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英文原文与汉译对比,看汉字在文史哲领域的巨大优势 中土网民骂战 中国只有网民轻

英文原文与汉译对比,看汉字在文史哲领域的巨大优势
中土网民骂战

中国只有网民轻松拿捏土耳其,汉语优势太大了,学习神器。外国人无知是普遍现象。

先来两个简单的:epistemology和 hermeneutic,没点水平不知道是什么。中文是“认识论”、“诠释学”,中国小学生都认识,能蒙个意思。

英语的难题是,学术词汇对母语者都是“不透明” 的,而汉语术语几乎全部由常用字构成,容易理解。

海德格尔《存在与时间》:
The "essence" of Dasein lies in its existence. Accordingly those characteristics which can be exhibited in this entity are not "properties" “present-at-hand of some entity” which "looks" so and so and is itself present-at-hand; they are in each case “possible ways for it to be”, and no more than that. ... So when we designate this entity with the term "Dasein", we are expressing not its "what" (as if it were a table, a chair) but its Being.

中文(陈嘉映译本,琢磨下能看懂):
此在的"本质"在于它的生存。所以,在这个存在者身上可以展示出来的特性,并不是某种现成东西的现成"属性",而是它去存在的种种可能方式,仅此而已。……我们用"此在"这个名称来指称这个存在者,表达的却不是它的"什么"(如桌子、椅子的"什么"),而是它的存在。

朱迪斯·巴特勒《性别麻烦》(性别研究黑话):
The “heterosexualization of desire” requires and institutes the production of discrete and asymmetrical oppositions between "feminine" and "masculine" as these are accumulated through expressive attributes of gender.

中译:
欲望的异性恋化,要求并制度化了"阴柔"与"阳刚"之间离散且不对立……的两极对立,而这些对立正是通过性别的表现属性层层累积起来的。

福柯《尼采·谱系学·历史学》:
The body is the “inscribed surface of events” (traced by language and dissolved by ideas), the locus of a “dissociated self” (adopting the illusion of a substantial unity), and a volume in “perpetual disintegration”.

中译:
身体是事件的铭刻表面(由语言描画,为观念所消解),是分离自我的所在(徒然抱着实体性统一的幻象),是一个处于永恒崩解之中的体积。

所以,掌握3000汉字就能包打天下,文史哲随便打通。

有几个优势,除了汉字二维、组合多样性远强于字母、新领域语素构建的优势,还有几个。

如不需要名词嵌套。英语学术文体被迫把逻辑放进层层名词短语(the X of the Y of the Z),中文直接“甲乙丙,主谓宾”。

再如信息密度,汉语语素以单音节为主,一行字承载的概念更多,文言单字词可以让学术句写得极短。