A trade secret or any other confidential information that the parties have learned in contracting shall not be disclosed or improperly used, no matter the contract is formed or not; and if the party discloses or improperly uses such trade secret or information, causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable in damages. 当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密或者其他应当保密的信息，无论合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正当地使用；泄露、不正当地使用该商业秘密或者信息，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。 Where an agent without authority enters into a contract in the name of the principal, and the principal commences to perform contractual obligations or accepts the performance from the other party, the principal shall be treated as having ratified the contract. 无权代理人以被代理人的名义订立合同，被代理人已经开始履行合同义务或者接受相对人履行的，视对合同的追认。